NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide — a master coenzyme that declines with age and sits at the intersection of mitochondrial ATP production, sirtuin activation, DNA repair, and circadian rhythm coordination.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide — a master coenzyme that declines with age and sits at the intersection of mitochondrial ATP production, sirtuin activation, DNA repair, and circadian rhythm coordination.
NAD+ serves as an essential cofactor for over 500 enzymatic reactions, fueling mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes I and III for ATP synthesis. It activates SIRT1–7 deacetylases to regulate gene expression and cellular stress responses, and enables PARP1-mediated DNA strand-break repair. NAD+ depletion disrupts circadian clock gene cycling (BMAL1/CLOCK) and accelerates cellular senescence — making restoration a central strategy in metabolic longevity research.
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- [2]Yoshino J, et al. (2018). NAD+ Intermediates: The Biology and Therapeutic Potential of NMN and NR. Cell Metabolism, 27(3):513-528.
- [3]Rajman L, et al. (2018). Therapeutic potential of NAD-boosting molecules: the in vivo evidence. Cell Metabolism, 27(3):529-547.
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